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Influence of early and late drought on grain proteins content and composition in early and late variety of wheat
Vojteková, Vanesa ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis, the influence of early and late drought on grain protein content and composition in an early and late variety of winter wheat was studied. The varieties used were Avenue and Tobacco.One part of the plants was cultured under the conditions of early drought (bloom season), another part was grown under the conditions of late drought (grain filling season), the last part was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer (200 kg N/ha), the second half of plants were without nitrogen fertilizer (0 kg N/ha). Wet gluten, crude protein content, gliadin and glutenin content were determined from flour samples. Results were evaluated by analysis of variance. Drought resistance depends on the genotype. Tobak genotype is more tolerant to climatic conditions, but the drought had a more significant effect on gliadin and glutenin ratio than on the Avenue genotype. Late drought increased wet gluten content in both genotypes and both types of fertilization. On the other hand, the early drought did not affect wet gluten content. Early drought decreased gliadin content, with the exception of Avenue genotype without fertilization. Early drought also increased glutenin content. Late drought increased glutenin content only in the unfertilized variant. Early drought increased glutenin content which leads to decreased gliadin content, especially for nitrogen fertilization. Late drought caused a decrease of gliadin and glutenin ratio, except for Tobak genotype with fertilization. Late drought increased crude protein content, except for Tobak genotype without fertilization. Early drought decreased crude protein content, especially for the unfertilized variant.
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Porovnání výnosu a kvality zrna u vybraných odrůd pšenice ozimé v konvenčním a ekologickém způsobu pěstování
Voňková, Terezie
This bachelor thesis aimed to compare the yield and grain quality of eight varieties of winter wheat grown using conventional and organic cultivation practice. The experiment was conducted at the Field Experimental Station in Žabčice, and the varieties included Genius, Butterfly, LG Orlice, Illusion, Pirueta, Mercedes, LG Absalon, and RGT Telemark. All these varieties were registered for conventional farming and are tested for suitability for organic farming. Two experiments were established in the same field with the same fore crop of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The organic experiment was grown in accordance with eco-farming regulations. The basic parameters for baking quality were determined at the Breeding Station RAGT Czech s.r.o. in Branišovice. This thesis compares results of yield, thousand seed weight, protein concentration in dry matter, Zeleny sediment test, falling number amount and wet gluten content. Yield of most of varieties was higher in the conventional experiment than in the organic experiment. The average yield of the conventional experiment was 0,56 t·ha-1 higher than the average yield of the organic experiment. The difference of thousand seed weight and all of tested parametres of quality ended same as in yield comparison. The conventional experiment was 0,5 g higher in thousand seed weight than the organic experiment. In Zeleny sediment test was results of conventional experiment 2,5 ml higher than in the organic experiment. The conventional experiment had 0,6 % higher protein concentration in dry matter. The conventional experiment had 26 s higher falling number than the organic experiment. The wet gluten content was 0,7 % higher in conventional experiment than in organic experiment. Overall the conventional experiment had higher yield and better quality in all aspects than the organic experiment.
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Hodnocení kvalitativních parametrů zrna pšenice ozimé u odrůd z víceletých pokusů
Kužílková, Ilona
The aim of the thesis is to deal with the problematics of wheat grain quality assessment. In the literary research the anatomical structure and chemical composition of wheat grain is described. Furthermore, wheat grain baking quality requirement are characterized. The quality parameters are described in more details. In requirements, this thesis deals with the requirements of varieties registration. The experimental part of this thesis was conducted at two locations in a small-plot field experiment at the Field Experimental Station MENDELU in Žabčice. It was multi-years trial that was carried out in three growing seasons (2019/2020, 2020/2021 a 2021/2022). There were fifteen wheat varieties of a different quality evaluated. The yield of individual varieties was measured and then the baking quality parameters were evaluated. The evaluated quality parameters included: bulk density, falling number value, sedimentation value, nitrogenous substances content and wet gluten content. All quality parameters were influenced by the course of weather conditions throughout the year and also by the genotype of the variety. The content of nitrogenous substances and wet gluten was also influenced by the habitat conditions. At the same time, it was possible to observe interaction between individual factors. The highest values of quality parameters were found in varieties Butterfly, Bohemia and Genius, however the lowest values in varieties LG Orlice, RGT Sacramento and Steffi. The highest yields were achieved by varieties LG Orlice, Steffi and RGT Sacramento, while Bohemia and Butterfly obtained the lowest yields. Varieties like Balitus, LG Dita and Pirueta can be recommended for baking purposes.
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Influence of early and late drought on grain proteins content and composition in early and late variety of wheat
Vojteková, Vanesa ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis, the influence of early and late drought on grain protein content and composition in an early and late variety of winter wheat was studied. The varieties used were Avenue and Tobacco.One part of the plants was cultured under the conditions of early drought (bloom season), another part was grown under the conditions of late drought (grain filling season), the last part was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer (200 kg N/ha), the second half of plants were without nitrogen fertilizer (0 kg N/ha). Wet gluten, crude protein content, gliadin and glutenin content were determined from flour samples. Results were evaluated by analysis of variance. Drought resistance depends on the genotype. Tobak genotype is more tolerant to climatic conditions, but the drought had a more significant effect on gliadin and glutenin ratio than on the Avenue genotype. Late drought increased wet gluten content in both genotypes and both types of fertilization. On the other hand, the early drought did not affect wet gluten content. Early drought decreased gliadin content, with the exception of Avenue genotype without fertilization. Early drought also increased glutenin content. Late drought increased glutenin content only in the unfertilized variant. Early drought increased glutenin content which leads to decreased gliadin content, especially for nitrogen fertilization. Late drought caused a decrease of gliadin and glutenin ratio, except for Tobak genotype with fertilization. Late drought increased crude protein content, except for Tobak genotype without fertilization. Early drought decreased crude protein content, especially for the unfertilized variant.
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